How was knowledge of normativity produced in the in the age of early modern globalisation? To answer this question the fourth volume of the Max Planck Studies in Global Legal History of the Iberian Worlds puts a pragmatic book on the lab table: Manual de Confessores by the Spanish canon law professor Martín de Azpilcueta (1492-1586).
In the early modern period, being able to see the face of famous men of the time was essential. The need to know the physical aspect, went hand in hand with a physiognomic mentality that allowed to read in the facial features also some aspects related to the character. Particularly appreciated were the portraits from life.
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